Sodium benzoate is best known as a preservative used in processed foods and beverages to extend shelf life. It inhibits the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, mold, and other microbes in food, thus deterring spoilage. Moreover, it is used as a preservative in some over-the-counter and prescription medications, particularly in liquid medicines like cough syrup.

Additionally, it can be a lubricant in pill manufacturing and makes tablets transparent and smooth, helping them break down rapidly after you swallow them. It is also commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care items, such as hair products, baby wipes, toothpaste, and mouthwash.